Rate meaning

Hi all, I’m quite a newcomer and I’m definitely NOT an expert so I would like to know what does it mean the column “Rate” and the arrow shown in the data log
thanks

Vertical rate, i.e. how fast the aircraft is climbing or descending. Usually shown as feet/minute.

Thanks, so when it is shown during the cruise does it mean a turbolence?

Possibly, or it can just be some noise in the measured altitude, or just variation in altitude not related to turbulence (maybe there’s a bit of phugoid oscillation going on).